According to PTI, “The DGIs have been drafted by a multi-disciplinary committee of experts led by Dr Hemalatha R, Director, ICMR-NIN and have undergone several scientific reviews. Seventeen guidelines have been listed in it.”

Among the seventeen listed guidelines, a notable emphasis has been placed on avoiding the prolonged intake of protein powders or high protein concentrates, citing potential health risks such as bone mineral loss and kidney damage. 

Specific risks associated with prolonged intake of protein supplements

Aaiisha Sanghavi, nutrigenomics counsellor, HaystackAnalytics informs, “Prolonged intake of protein supplements can strain kidney function by increasing glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum creatinine levels. Acidic protein diets may lead to calcium loss, impacting bone health. A diet high in acid-ash proteins causes excessive calcium loss because of its acidogenic content.”

Shubha Ramesh L, chief dietician at DHEE Hospitals adds, “High protein intake, particularly from supplements, has been associated with increased urinary excretion of calcium, an essential mineral for bone health. This phenomenon can potentially lead to negative calcium balance and bone density loss over time if not counterbalanced with adequate dietary calcium.”

While protein-rich diets are generally safe for healthy individuals, she says, excessive protein, especially from supplements, can exacerbate kidney strain in those with pre-existing kidney dysfunction.

Meet your protein needs naturally (Source: Freepik)

Evidence supporting the concerns raised by the ICMR-NIN regarding protein supplements 

According to Kanikka Malhotra, clinical dietician and diabetes educator, research demonstrates the need for more regulation and guidance on protein supplement use, particularly among groups at risk of kidney failure. 

Shubha reveals, “The concerns about protein supplements are backed by various studies which highlight the potential for negative impacts on renal and bone health when consumed in excessive amounts without adequate hydration and dietary balance.” 

The ICMR-NIN guidelines are influenced by these findings, she confirms, suggesting that protein from natural food sources is typically accompanied by other essential nutrients that create a more balanced nutritional profile, thus mitigating potential health risks.

Individuals for whom protein supplements might pose a higher risk

Elderly individuals, those with pre-existing kidney conditions, and pregnant women are at higher risk with protein supplements due to potential kidney strain and altered calcium metabolism, says Sanghavi. 

Malhotra stresses, “Vegans, vegetarians, or those with limited food choices may need careful planning to meet protein needs without overdoing supplements.”

Alternative dietary strategies or sources of protein recommended for individuals seeking to build body mass or meet their nutritional needs 

For building muscle or meeting protein needs naturally, Malhotra recommends taking the following steps: 

*Prioritise whole foods: Choose a variety of high-quality protein sources including lean meats and poultry; fish and seafood; eggs; beans, lentils, tofu, and other plant-based proteins; dairy products (if tolerated); and nuts and seeds.

*Timing matters: Distribute protein intake across meals for optimal use by your body. 

*Don’t neglect carbs and fats: A balanced diet of whole foods provides all the necessary nutrients to support health and fitness goals. 

*Personalisation is key: Work with a qualified dietitian to establish a personalised nutrition plan that considers your individual needs and health status.